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Three Areas of the Brain are Effected by Trauma.   Their Functions are Listed in Below.   Hover Over Each Section and See What Trauma Does.

Amygdala

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight

Flight

Freeze

Fawn

Emotional/Threat Related Memory

Role in Fear and Anxiety

Becomes Hyperactive

  • Hypersensitivity to Surroundings

  • Difficulty Sleeping

  • Must engage in "Comfort Zone"  only

  • New People/Places/Things =Scary

  • Grows larger with chronic trauma.

Hippocampus

Problem Solving

Aids Learning

Trauma Shrinks and Damages 

Difficulty Forming Memories

Memory of Trauma is Dominant

  • May Replayed When Triggered

  • Causes Panic and or Anxiety

Prefrontal Cortex

Regulates Emotions

Regulates Attention/Awareness

Initiates Conscious Voluntary Behavior

Determines Meaning or Emotional Significance of the Event

Makes Decisions About the Best Response to a Situation

Inhibits/Corrects Dysfunctional Reactions

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Difficulty Regulating Emotions

Frequent Feelings of Panic and Anxiety

Dysfunctional Reactions to Things that are NOT Harmful

                                                                The Nervous System

Our nervous system is made up of our brain, spinal cord, and nerves which travel throughout the body.   This system receives information from all around us, through our sensory system, and from inside our body, and that causes a response.  These responses can be voluntary, or involuntary through the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).  The nervous system also controls everything the body does from breathing, to walking, to thinking and feeling. 

Our nervous system signals us and evaluates situations for safety and security or threat and danger.   When our body perceives a situation of threat or danger, the ANS will cause the body to respond in the following ways:

  • Fight -Aggression, shouting, hitting, biting, kicking, swearing-anything to fight off the danger.

  • Flight- Elopement, fleeing, hiding, avoiding, anything to get away from danger.

  • Freeze- Shutdown, dissociate, block out, disconnect, anything to stop the danger from hurting us.

  • Fawn- Disregard for what we need in order to please the other person to keep us safe.  

Usually, a person's first response to threat or danger is fight or flight and if that doesn't work freeze or fawn may be used, however when threat is chronic the nervous system learns to freeze first.  That is why we must institute trauma-informed practices for autistic individuals, because what may be viewed as compliance actually is the student in the freeze or fawn state.    Once the nervous system is chronically triggered into these states, it will become more sensitive to trauma, and thus more easily triggered by situations that were formerly benign to the student, which may look like heightened sensory overload or in cases of dissociation ignoring sensory input altogether.

Neuroplasticity Epigenetics and Trauma

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•The brain's structure and function can be positively or negatively influenced or changed.

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•   Detrimental changes caused by substance use, disease, or trauma (including brain injury or traumatic experiences that result in PTSD).

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• Experiencing trauma might alter your genetic makeup .

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•Epigenetics* could also influence what someone is afraid of, what someone is sensitive to, and how their body functions and develops.

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*Epigenetics- the science of how genes can be switched on or off by such as environment and behavior.

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